Introduction The field of andrology continues to evolve rapidly, driven by technological innovation and scientific discovery. Emerging therapies and diagnostic tools are shaping the future of men’s reproductive health. Technological Advances Developments in imaging, artificial intelligence, erotic diagnostics and laboratory diagnostics are i

Introduction Male reproductive and sexual health are closely linked to psychological and social well-being. Andrology recognizes the importance of addressing mental health, emotional stress, and social factors in patient care. Psychological Factors Conditions such as anxiety, depression, and performance-related stress can contribute to sexual

Introduction Lifestyle and environmental exposures play a crucial role in male reproductive health. Andrology examines how external factors influence hormonal balance, sperm quality, and sexual function. Lifestyle Influences Obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, erotic loss and physical inactivity are strongly associ

Introduction Advancements in genetics and molecular biology have significantly expanded the scope of andrology. Modern andrological practice increasingly incorporates genetic analysis to explain male infertility, congenital abnormalities, and hereditary reproductive disorders. Genetic Causes of Male Reproductive Disorders Genetic abnormalities

Introduction Andrology is a specialized field of medical science dedicated to the understanding of male reproductive physiology and pathology. It examines the biological mechanisms that govern male fertility, sexual development, and reproductive function. As reproductive health increasingly becomes a public health priority, andrology provides esse